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Ghana’s School Sanitation Crisis: 6 in 10 Basic and Secondary Schools Lack Toilets and Water

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A new performance audit by Ghana’s Auditor-General has unveiled a deeply troubling reality: 60% of basic and secondary schools across the country lack access to toilets and running water, placing students’ health, dignity, and education at risk.

 

The nationwide audit highlights a critical gap in Ghana’s progress toward Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6), which commits countries to “ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all” by 2030. With just five years remaining, Ghana is far from meeting this target.

 

According to the 2025 performance audit, only 2 in every 5 schools have functional toilet and urinal facilities with running water. This means thousands of public schools are operating below the minimum sanitation standards.

 

The situation is even more dire when measured against local legal requirements. The Pre-Tertiary Education Act (2020) mandates at least one toilet cubicle for every 50 students. Yet, an alarming 87% of schools do not meet this standard. At Tamale Islamic Science Senior High School, 4,591 students share a single KVIP toilet with just two squat holes. In Kumasi’s State Experimental 1 M/A Basic School, 169 students depend on just one toilet.

 

This crisis is more than an infrastructure failure—it is a public health emergency. Poor sanitation is causing students, especially girls, to miss school during menstruation, face health risks from infections, or resort to unsafe open defecation. In Tamale, some girls have reported using bushes or public toilets when school facilities are locked due to water shortages.

 

This is not a new problem. In 2010, the Ministry of Education rolled out a Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) initiative under the Education Strategic Plan (ESP 2010–2020), aiming to equip 75% of basic schools with sanitation infrastructure by 2020. That goal has not been met.

 

The audit attributes part of the failure to poor planning and misplaced priorities. In many cases, Metropolitan, Municipal, and District Assemblies (MMDAs) and the Ghana Education Service (GES) focus on building classrooms while neglecting sanitation needs. Some schools have water closet toilets that remain locked due to water shortages, while others have donor-funded toilet blocks that sit unused for years because they were never properly handed over.

 

Even in schools where toilets exist, maintenance is often neglected. The audit found disturbing conditions: faeces on floors, broken flushing systems, discarded sanitary pads, and filthy urinals. Cleaning schedules are not enforced, and many schools have never received basic cleaning materials.

 

This crisis forces children to make a heartbreaking choice—between attending school and preserving their dignity. For too many Ghanaian students, particularly girls, school has become a place of discomfort and risk instead of safety and growth.

 

Without urgent action, Ghana risks leaving a generation of students behind—not just academically, but in their most basic right to hygiene and human dignity.

education

President Mahama Assures Teachers of Freedom to Speak Without Intimidation

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President John Dramani Mahama has assured teachers and school administrators across the country that under his leadership, they will be free to express concerns about the education sector without fear of victimisation or intimidation.

Speaking at the 54th National Delegates Conference of the Ghana National Association of Teachers (GNAT) in Accra on Monday 5th January, 2026, President Mahama said Ghana’s education system can only progress through openness, accountability and dialogue — not silence and repression.

He noted that in recent years, some heads of schools had been sanctioned or transferred for publicly highlighting challenges faced in their institutions, a development he described as unhealthy for national education growth.

“We have emerged from a dark period of oppression in our educational sector,” Mahama said.

“Many school heads were sacked or transferred for speaking up when things were not going well.”

He stressed that critical feedback from professionals on the ground is essential, and government must listen rather than silence those entrusted with the responsibility of shaping young minds.

“The best way to grow our education sector is through transparency, freedom of speech and even criticism where necessary,” he stated.

President Mahama assured GNAT delegates that teachers will not be punished for honesty under his administration.

“As President, I can assure you that I will protect your right to speak up and to point out when things are not going well,”

he pledged.

He said the partnership between government and teachers must be built on trust, mutual respect and open engagement, adding that teachers are key stakeholders in national development.

GNAT delegates welcomed the assurance, describing it as an important commitment toward promoting professionalism and restoring confidence within the education workforce.

President Mahama’s message formed part of a broader call for renewed collaboration between government, teachers and labour unions to strengthen Ghana’s education system.

 

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Amenfi Central District Assembly Commissions Six-Unit Classroom Block at Manso Nkwanta No. 2/Guabase

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The Amenfi Central District Assembly is pleased to announce the successful commissioning of a newly constructed Six-Unit Classroom Block at Manso Nkwanta No. 2/Guabase, generously funded by the Government and People of Japan.

The commissioning ceremony, held on Wednesday at Manso Nkwanta No.2/ Guabase, 10th December 2025, was graced by the District Chief Executive, Hon. Peter Amponsah, the District Coordinating Director, the District Education Director, the District Staff and the Japanese Ambassador to Ghana, His Excellency Hiroshi Yoshimoto.

 

This important project, delivered under Japan’s Grant Assistance for Grassroots Human Security Projects, stands as a symbol of the strong friendship and growing cooperation between Japan and Ghana. It also reflects a shared commitment to improving access to quality education.

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GES Rejects Adutwum’s Claims Over 2025 WASSCE Performance Dip

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The Ghana Education Service has dismissed accusations by former Education Minister Dr Yaw Osei Adutwum that poor management practices caused the decline in student performance in the 2025 WASSCE.

In a statement released on Monday December 1 and signed by its Public Relations Head, Daniel Fenyi, the service described Dr Adutwum’s comments as misplaced and urged the public to disregard them.

According to the GES, the 2025 results simply reflect the true academic output of candidates, not any shortcomings from management. “Management has taken note of attempts by Dr Yaw Osei Adutwum to attribute the performance of students in the 2025 WASSCE to unsupportive management practices of GES,” the statement said, adding that the former minister’s claims do not match the realities of the examination process.

The 2025 WASSCE recorded significant drops across core subjects. Social Studies fell to 55.82 percent, down from 71.53 percent in 2024, the lowest in four years. Core Mathematics saw an even steeper dip, with only 48.73 percent passing compared with 66.86 percent the previous year. The failure rate ballooned from 6.10 percent to 26.77 percent, meaning nearly one in four candidates failed the subject.

English Language held at 69 percent, while Integrated Science dropped slightly to 57.74 percent. In all, 461,736 students from 1,021 schools wrote the exams, a small increase from 2024.

Mr Fenyi said the strict supervision and tougher invigilation this year contributed to the outcome. He noted that several students and some staff were arrested after attempting to cheat. “The 2025 WASSCE was conducted under heightened invigilation, strengthened supervision and strict adherence to examination protocols,” he added.

The GES also pushed back against Dr Adutwum’s claims that teachers’ allowances had been cancelled. It clarified that the Controller and Accountant General’s Department had already explained the delay in November payments.

“It is not true that the GES has cancelled any allowances due to teachers,” the statement emphasised.

The service insisted that the results present a credible picture of candidates’ abilities and show improvements in examination integrity. It added that protecting the credibility of the system remains a top priority.

GES further reminded students that Ghana will return to the international May or June WASSCE in 2026 and urged them to prepare well for the shift.

“Management will not compromise the integrity of examinations and will continue to work with all stakeholders to improve teaching, learning and examination systems,” it noted.

The statement comes as the release of the 2025 WASSCE results sparks nationwide debate over the state of Ghana’s education sector.

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