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Global growth to slow to 2.8% from 3.3% in 2025 — IMF warns

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The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has sharply downgraded its global growth forecast, projecting the world economy to expand by just 2.8% in 2025, a significant drop from the 3.3% forecast made in January.

This update is contained in the published IMF’s April 2025 World Economic Outlook (WEO), which cites escalating trade tensions with the United States announcing a wave of new tariffs with trading partners responding with their own countermeasures, creating ripple effects across global supply chains and investor sentiment.

It also cites mounting policy uncertainty as the main culprits behind the slowdown.

“Since the release of the January 2025 WEO Update, a series of new tariff measures by the United States and countermeasures by its trading partners have been announced and implemented, ending up in near-universal US tariffs on April 2 and bringing effective tariff rates to levels not seen in a century.

“This on its own is a major negative shock to growth. The unpredictability with which these measures have been unfolding also has a negative impact on economic activity and the outlook and, at the same time, makes it more difficult than usual to make assumptions that would constitute a basis for an internally consistent and timely set of projections.

“Given the complexity and fluidity of the current moment, this report presents a “reference forecast” based on information available as of April 4, 2025 (including the April 2 tariffs and initial responses), in lieu of the usual baseline. This is complemented with a range of global growth forecasts, primarily under different trade policy assumptions.

“The swift escalation of trade tensions and extremely high levels of policy uncertainty are expected to have a significant impact on global economic activity. Under the reference forecast that incorporates information as of April 4, global growth is projected to drop to 2.8 percent in 2025 and 3 percent in 2026—down from 3.3 percent for both years in the January 2025 WEO Update, corresponding to a cumulative downgrade of 0.8 percentage point, and much below the historical (2000–19) average of 3.7 percent,” part of the report read.

In advanced economies, growth is now expected to slow to 1.4% in 2025, with the U.S. economy seeing a notable downgrade—now projected at 1.8%, nearly a full percentage point below previous estimates.
In emerging market and developing economies, growth is expected to slow down to 3.7 percent in 2025 and 3.9 percent in 2026, with significant downgrades for countries affected most by recent trade measures, such as China. Global headline inflation is expected to decline at a pace that is slightly slower than what was expected in January, reaching 4.3 percent in 2025 and 3.6 percent in 2026, with notable upward revisions for advanced economies and slight downward revisions for emerging market and developing economies in 2025.

The IMF flagged intensifying downside risks, warning that a deeper trade war, rising financial instability, and fragile policy buffers could worsen the economic landscape. Vulnerable emerging markets could face capital flight, currency pressures, and increasing debt burdens.

The Fund also noted that a reversal or de-escalation of current trade policies could offer a reprieve and potentially revive global growth.

“Intensifying downside risks dominate the outlook. Ratcheting up a trade war, along with even more elevated trade policy uncertainty, could further reduce near- and long-term growth, while eroded policy buffers weaken resilience to future shocks. Divergent and rapidly shifting policy stances or deteriorating sentiment could trigger additional repricing of assets beyond what took place after the announcement of sweeping US tariffs on April 2 and sharp adjustments in foreign exchange rates and capital flows, especially for economies already facing debt distress.

“Broader financial instability may ensue, including damage to the international monetary system. Demographic shifts and a shrinking foreign labor force may curb potential growth and threaten fiscal sustainability. The lingering effects of the recent cost-of-living crisis, coupled with depleted policy space and dim medium-term growth prospects, could reignite social unrest. The resilience shown by many large emerging market economies may be tested as servicing high debt levels becomes more challenging in unfavorable global financial conditions.

“More limited international development assistance may increase the pressure on low-income countries, pushing them deeper into debt or necessitating significant fiscal adjustments, with immediate consequences for growth and living standards. On the upside, a deescalation from current tariff rates and new agreements providing clarity and stability in trade policies could lift global growth,” it added.
The report calls for coordinated policy action, urging nations to work together to restore predictability in trade, strengthen debt sustainability, and address long-term structural challenges like demographic shifts and migration.

Source: Citi Newsroom

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Court of Appeal Restores GN Savings Licence, Overturns BoG Revocation

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The Court of Appeal has unanimously restored the operating licence of GN Savings and Loans Company Limited, overturning an earlier High Court ruling that upheld the Bank of Ghana’s decision to revoke the company’s licence.

The latest judgment effectively nullifies the Bank of Ghana’s 2019 decision to shut down the financial institution as well as the subsequent High Court ruling that affirmed the action. The appellate court also ordered the receiver to return possession, management and control of the company’s assets and operations to its shareholders.

Background

GN Savings and Loans, formerly known as GN Bank, evolved from First National Savings and Loans (FNSL) and grew into one of Ghana’s largest indigenous financial institutions with branches across the country.

As part of Ghana’s financial sector clean-up exercise initiated in 2018, the Bank of Ghana introduced stricter regulatory and capital requirements for banks and specialised deposit-taking institutions. Following its inability to meet the new minimum capital requirement for universal banks, GN Bank was downgraded to a savings and loans company on January 4, 2019, and subsequently renamed GN Savings and Loans Company Limited.

However, on August 16, 2019, the Bank of Ghana revoked the company’s operating licence, citing insolvency, liquidity challenges, breaches of corporate governance and violations of prudential regulations. The move formed part of the broader banking sector reforms aimed at sanitising Ghana’s financial industry. Eric Nana Nipah was later appointed receiver for the company.

The decision was strongly contested by Groupe Nduom, led by businessman Dr. Papa Kwesi Nduom, who argued that the revocation was unfair and unreasonable. According to the shareholders, the Bank of Ghana failed to adequately consider significant debts owed to the company by the government and some state institutions.

In January 2024, the High Court ruled in favour of the Bank of Ghana and upheld the revocation of the licence. Dissatisfied with the judgment, the shareholders proceeded to the Court of Appeal to challenge the ruling.

The Court of Appeal’s latest decision is being viewed as a major legal victory for Groupe Nduom and has reignited public debate over Ghana’s controversial banking sector clean-up exercise.

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Ghana Chamber of Mines Demands Full Forex Disclosure from Bank of Ghana, Says Mining Sector’s True Contribution Is Being Understated

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Industry body says relying on central bank data alone distorts the picture  and the Bank of Ghana already has the figures to set the record straight

The Ghana Chamber of Mines has formally called on the Bank of Ghana to publish a detailed, disaggregated breakdown of foreign exchange inflows from the country’s mining sector, warning that selective or incomplete data is distorting public understanding of how much the industry actually contributes to Ghana’s economy.

In a statement dated May 2, 2026, the Chamber said that any assessment of mining sector forex flows that focuses exclusively on transactions with the central bank presents a fundamentally incomplete picture  and risks undermining both sound policymaking and public confidence in the sector.

“The Chamber therefore encourages the publication of a disaggregated and transparent account of mineral sector forex flows across both channels to support informed public discourse,” the statement read.

Two Channels, One Incomplete Number

At the heart of the Chamber’s argument is how large-scale mining companies repatriate export proceeds  a process that runs through two distinct channels: direct sales of foreign exchange and bullion gold to the Bank of Ghana, and transactions conducted through commercial banks operating within Ghana.

The Chamber contends that a widely cited figure  which pegs the mining sector’s forex contribution at 20 per cent captures only the central bank channel and therefore falls short of the full picture.

“The 20 per cent figure reflects only transactions with the Bank of Ghana and is therefore incomplete,” the statement stated bluntly.

Proceeds channelled through commercial banks, the Chamber explained, are used to fund a range of critical domestic obligations  including royalty payments to government, utility bills, staff salaries, payments to local vendors and corporate social investments in mining communities. Excluding these flows, it argued, materially understates the sector’s role in supporting Ghana’s foreign exchange position.

Bank of Ghana Already Has the Data, Chamber Says

The Chamber’s call carries added weight given its assertion that the Bank of Ghana is not starting from scratch — the central bank, it says, already holds the relevant data needed to produce a complete account, owing to previous regulatory arrangements.

“Until recently, the Bank of Ghana maintained a policy requiring mining companies to grant it a right of first refusal on foreign exchange intended for sale to commercial banks,” the statement noted, adding that this policy itself underscores the recognised and established role of the commercial banking channel in forex repatriation.

The implication is direct: the data exists, the institutional history is there, and the Bank of Ghana is well-positioned to publish a full and tranparent account without delay.

A Call for Accuracy, Not Just Advocacy

The Chamber framed its demand not as a defence of industry interests but as a prerequisite for responsible economic governance.

“Accurate measurement of forex flows is essential for sound policymaking, macroeconomic management, and sustaining confidence in Ghana’s mining sector,” it said.

With Ghana’s economy in a period of fragile recovery and foreign exchange stability remaining a key concern, the Chamber’s push for transparent data reporting strikes at a broader question: how well do official figures actually capture the real economic footprint of the country’s largest export industry?

For now, the Chamber says, the answer is not well enough.

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Sachet Water Packaging Manufacturers Seek Government Relief Amid Rising Costs

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Manufacturers of sachet water packaging materials have called on the government to provide urgent support to sustain the industry, after deciding to maintain current prices despite escalating production costs.

The appeal was made by President of the Ghana Plastic Manufacturers’ Association, Ebbo Botwe, during a press conference held in Accra on Wednesday, April 8, 2026.

Mr. Botwe disclosed that producers had initially considered increasing prices due to the rising cost of polymers used in manufacturing sachet packaging. However, the association resolved to hold prices steady in recognition of sachet water as an essential commodity relied upon by millions of Ghanaians.

“We are incurring losses by maintaining the old prices, but given that sachet water is a basic necessity for over 33 million Ghanaians, we have chosen to absorb the shock in the national interest,” he stated.

He added that the decision to maintain current prices would remain in effect for at least one to two months, despite mounting financial pressure on manufacturers.

Mr. Botwe expressed hope that the Minister for Trade, Agribusiness and Industry would relay the industry’s concerns to the President, with a view to securing relief measures to cushion producers.

The association further indicated that the move is expected to ease pressure on sachet water producers and help stabilise prices for consumers in the short term.

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