Business
Global growth to slow to 2.8% from 3.3% in 2025 — IMF warns

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has sharply downgraded its global growth forecast, projecting the world economy to expand by just 2.8% in 2025, a significant drop from the 3.3% forecast made in January.
This update is contained in the published IMF’s April 2025 World Economic Outlook (WEO), which cites escalating trade tensions with the United States announcing a wave of new tariffs with trading partners responding with their own countermeasures, creating ripple effects across global supply chains and investor sentiment.
It also cites mounting policy uncertainty as the main culprits behind the slowdown.
“Since the release of the January 2025 WEO Update, a series of new tariff measures by the United States and countermeasures by its trading partners have been announced and implemented, ending up in near-universal US tariffs on April 2 and bringing effective tariff rates to levels not seen in a century.
“This on its own is a major negative shock to growth. The unpredictability with which these measures have been unfolding also has a negative impact on economic activity and the outlook and, at the same time, makes it more difficult than usual to make assumptions that would constitute a basis for an internally consistent and timely set of projections.
“Given the complexity and fluidity of the current moment, this report presents a “reference forecast” based on information available as of April 4, 2025 (including the April 2 tariffs and initial responses), in lieu of the usual baseline. This is complemented with a range of global growth forecasts, primarily under different trade policy assumptions.
“The swift escalation of trade tensions and extremely high levels of policy uncertainty are expected to have a significant impact on global economic activity. Under the reference forecast that incorporates information as of April 4, global growth is projected to drop to 2.8 percent in 2025 and 3 percent in 2026—down from 3.3 percent for both years in the January 2025 WEO Update, corresponding to a cumulative downgrade of 0.8 percentage point, and much below the historical (2000–19) average of 3.7 percent,” part of the report read.
In advanced economies, growth is now expected to slow to 1.4% in 2025, with the U.S. economy seeing a notable downgrade—now projected at 1.8%, nearly a full percentage point below previous estimates.
In emerging market and developing economies, growth is expected to slow down to 3.7 percent in 2025 and 3.9 percent in 2026, with significant downgrades for countries affected most by recent trade measures, such as China. Global headline inflation is expected to decline at a pace that is slightly slower than what was expected in January, reaching 4.3 percent in 2025 and 3.6 percent in 2026, with notable upward revisions for advanced economies and slight downward revisions for emerging market and developing economies in 2025.
The IMF flagged intensifying downside risks, warning that a deeper trade war, rising financial instability, and fragile policy buffers could worsen the economic landscape. Vulnerable emerging markets could face capital flight, currency pressures, and increasing debt burdens.
The Fund also noted that a reversal or de-escalation of current trade policies could offer a reprieve and potentially revive global growth.
“Intensifying downside risks dominate the outlook. Ratcheting up a trade war, along with even more elevated trade policy uncertainty, could further reduce near- and long-term growth, while eroded policy buffers weaken resilience to future shocks. Divergent and rapidly shifting policy stances or deteriorating sentiment could trigger additional repricing of assets beyond what took place after the announcement of sweeping US tariffs on April 2 and sharp adjustments in foreign exchange rates and capital flows, especially for economies already facing debt distress.
“Broader financial instability may ensue, including damage to the international monetary system. Demographic shifts and a shrinking foreign labor force may curb potential growth and threaten fiscal sustainability. The lingering effects of the recent cost-of-living crisis, coupled with depleted policy space and dim medium-term growth prospects, could reignite social unrest. The resilience shown by many large emerging market economies may be tested as servicing high debt levels becomes more challenging in unfavorable global financial conditions.
“More limited international development assistance may increase the pressure on low-income countries, pushing them deeper into debt or necessitating significant fiscal adjustments, with immediate consequences for growth and living standards. On the upside, a deescalation from current tariff rates and new agreements providing clarity and stability in trade policies could lift global growth,” it added.
The report calls for coordinated policy action, urging nations to work together to restore predictability in trade, strengthen debt sustainability, and address long-term structural challenges like demographic shifts and migration.
Source: Citi Newsroom
Business
Energy Minister Applauds BOST Leadership, Unveils Gains in Ghana’s Energy Sector Reforms

The Minister of Energy and Green Transition, John Jinapor, has commended the management of the Bulk Oil Storage and Transportation Company Limited (BOST) for its pivotal role in enhancing operational efficiency and advancing Ghana’s energy transformation agenda.
Speaking during the Government Accountability Series, the Minister highlighted key achievements within the sector over the past seven months, citing notable improvements at BOST and other institutional milestones.
“I’m beginning to see positive trends at BOST, and we are already working to ensure that we extend a pipeline from Ghana to Burkina Faso. This will position Ghana as a central hub for petroleum product distribution to our northern neighbour,” Mr. Jinapor announced.
He lauded BOST’s Managing Director, Afetsi Awoonor, and his deputy for their strategic leadership and dedication to operational excellence.
“BOST is actively improving our strategic reserves, and I must commend the managing director and his team for demonstrating strong leadership and technical competence,” he added.
Founded in 1993, BOST plays a critical role in Ghana’s oil storage and distribution landscape and is essential to national energy security and regional fuel logistics.
Reflecting on sector-wide progress, Mr. Jinapor expressed optimism about Ghana’s energy trajectory, citing three key areas of achievement:
1. Power Supply Stabilisation:
“We have worked tirelessly to ensure a consistent and reliable energy supply across the country. This milestone is essential for national productivity and public confidence.”
2. Strengthened Petroleum Reserves:
“Recent efforts have led to an increase in Ghana’s petroleum reserves, with visible results. Our commitment to expanding these reserves remains firm.”
3. Reforms for Transparency and Accountability:
“We have launched a robust initiative to sanitise the energy sector, address corruption, and enhance transparency in our operations.”
The Minister concluded by calling for sustained collaboration across the industry to build on current momentum and secure a more resilient energy future.
“I am confident that with continued stakeholder support, we can build on these successes and shape a brighter future for Ghana’s energy sector,” he stated.
Banking and Finance
Bank of Ghana Cracks Down on Remittance Violations Amid Forex Stability Drive

The Bank of Ghana (BoG) has issued a stern warning to financial institutions and money transfer operators over persistent breaches of the country’s foreign exchange laws and remittance guidelines.
In a public notice dated July 29, 2025, the central bank said it has observed ongoing non-compliance with the Foreign Exchange Act, 2006 (Act 723), as well as the Updated Guidelines for Inward Remittance Services, despite repeated warnings.
Among the violations identified are the termination of inward remittances through unapproved channels, unauthorised foreign exchange swaps related to remittance operations, processing remittances for unapproved institutions, and the use of unprescribed foreign exchange rates.
“The Bank will impose sanctions on any institution found culpable and terminate the remittance partnerships of all money transfer operators whose activities are inconsistent with the approved guidelines,” the statement cautioned.
The BoG also emphasized the need for strict adherence to existing protocols, including the funding of local settlement accounts in line with Section 7.1 (c) of the guidelines, and disbursing all funds through these accounts as required under Section 7.2 (a). DEMIs and Enhanced Payment Service Providers (EPSPs) must ensure that their pre-funding arrangements with settlement banks comply with Section 7.2 (b).
To strengthen transparency and oversight, the Bank has mandated that all banks, DEMIs, and EPSPs submit weekly reports on each MTO. These reports must include a daily breakdown of all inward remittance transactions and details of the foreign exchange credited to their Nostro accounts.
The BoG stressed that failure to submit accurate and timely reports constitutes a regulatory infraction under Section 42 of the Payment Systems and Services Act (Act 987) and Section 93(3)(d) of the Banks and Specialised Deposit-Taking Institutions Act (Act 930), and will attract appropriate administrative penalties.
This directive signals a renewed push by the central bank to tighten regulatory oversight in the remittance and foreign exchange sectors, as part of broader efforts to ensure forex market stability and enhance economic recovery.
Banking and Finance
BoG Governor Dr. Johnson Asiama: No Pressure to Reinstate Revoked Bank Licences Without Due Process

Governor of the Bank of Ghana (BoG), Dr. Johnson Asiama, has affirmed that he is under no pressure to unilaterally reinstate the licences of banks whose operations were terminated during the country’s banking sector cleanup.
Addressing journalists at the 125th Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) press conference held in Accra on Wednesday, July 30, Dr. Asiama responded to a question from Citi Business News’ Nerteley Nettey Adjaho, stressing that any potential reinstatement must adhere strictly to legal and institutional protocols.
“Not at all,” Dr. Asiama stated in response to whether he felt pressured to restore licences. He emphasized that such decisions fall beyond the discretion of the Governor and must be guided by legal rulings and the approval of the Bank’s Board of Directors.
“Remember, the resolution framework is still in effect. When I assumed office, substantial progress had already been made. Some of the cases are currently in court, while others are going through settlement procedures. The process is ongoing, and we are committed to following it accordingly,” he noted.
Dr. Asiama further elaborated on the steps required for any potential reinstatement:
“If, for instance, a court issues a directive, the Board of the Bank of Ghana would review and act accordingly. However, from my position as Governor, there is absolutely no pressure to restore any licence unilaterally.”
This clarification comes in the wake of a political promise made by former President John Dramani Mahama during the 2024 general election campaign. In his acceptance speech at the University of Development Studies on May 15, 2024, after securing the National Democratic Congress (NDC) presidential nomination, Mr. Mahama pledged to enhance local participation across key sectors including banking, telecommunications, tourism, mining, agriculture, and manufacturing as part of efforts to grow the economy and create sustainable jobs for the youth.
The banking sector cleanup, launched in 2017, was aimed at sanitizing and stabilizing Ghana’s financial system. As part of the reform, the central bank raised the minimum paid-up capital requirement for commercial banks from GHS120 million to GHS400 million. This regulatory adjustment led to the collapse or consolidation of several financial institutions that failed to meet the new capital threshold.
In total, the Bank of Ghana revoked the licences of nine local banks, 23 savings and loans companies, 347 microfinance institutions, 39 finance houses, and 53 fund management firms.
Among the collapsed banks were UniBank, The Sovereign Bank, The Beige Bank, Premium Bank, The Royal Bank, Heritage Bank, Construction Bank, UT Bank, and Capital Bank.
While the central bank defended the move as essential to restoring confidence and resilience in the financial sector, critics argued that several of the affected institutions could have been restructured or supported to preserve jobs and maintain indigenous ownership within the sector.
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