WASHINGTON — Pressure is mounting on the U.S. Congress to establish stronger safeguards for artificial intelligence, but political divisions and uncertainty over how far regulation should go are making immediate action increasingly difficult.

The debate intensified this week after several prominent technology executives and AI researchers raised concerns about the potential risks of rapidly advancing systems. Their warnings have added momentum to calls for federal rules covering AI safety, cybersecurity, transparency and accountability.

Democrats Push for Urgent Action

Several Democratic lawmakers are urging Congress to move quickly, arguing that the pace of AI development is outstripping the government’s ability to oversee it.

Some lawmakers have proposed measures ranging from mandatory safety requirements to mechanisms that would allow humans to shut down advanced AI systems under certain circumstances. Senator Bernie Sanders has also backed legislation calling for a pause on the development of advanced AI and restrictions on superintelligence.

House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries has called for decisive action, while other lawmakers have suggested creating a dedicated congressional committee to examine AI risks and develop legislation.

Republicans Warn Against Overregulation

Republican leaders have generally taken a more cautious approach, emphasizing the need to protect U.S. technological leadership, particularly in competition with China.

House Speaker Mike Johnson has rejected calls for an emergency congressional intervention, arguing that lawmakers need to understand the technology before imposing sweeping rules. He has said AI companies should take greater responsibility for developing safety measures while Congress works toward a more carefully designed framework.

President Donald Trump has also dismissed warnings about catastrophic AI risks, describing concerns about AI destroying humanity as a “hoax” and arguing that extensive regulation could undermine American competitiveness.

Tech Industry Also Calls for Rules

The political debate has become more complicated because some major AI companies are themselves calling for stronger government oversight.

OpenAI recently urged the U.S. government to establish mandatory national safety standards for advanced AI systems, including independent assessments, cybersecurity measures and reporting requirements for serious incidents. The company argued that voluntary commitments alone may not be sufficient.

Other technology leaders have similarly warned that increasingly capable AI systems could pose significant security and safety risks, although there is disagreement within the industry over how those risks should be addressed.

States Move Ahead

With Congress struggling to reach agreement, individual states have continued developing their own AI regulations, creating a growing patchwork of rules across the country. The dispute over whether federal legislation should override state AI laws has become one of the central issues in the debate.

The lack of a comprehensive federal framework could leave companies facing different requirements depending on where they operate, while supporters of federal regulation argue that a national approach would provide greater consistency.

Uncertain Path Ahead

For now, major legislation appears unlikely to move quickly. The House is approaching a lengthy recess, while lawmakers remain divided over whether AI presents an immediate emergency or requires a slower, more deliberate regulatory process.

The growing pressure from lawmakers, technology executives and the public means AI regulation is unlikely to disappear from Washington’s agenda. The central political challenge, however, remains finding a balance between preventing serious risks and ensuring that regulation does not weaken U.S. innovation or its position in the global AI race.

Global oil prices moved higher on Tuesday as investors assessed the growing risk of disruptions to crude supplies following attacks on Saudi Arabian energy infrastructure and the shutdown of a key oil pipeline.

Brent crude futures rose by about 1.3% to $107.05 a barrel, while U.S. West Texas Intermediate gained around 1.5% to $102.92 a barrel in early trading. Both benchmarks had already advanced by more than 1% during the previous session.

The latest price increase comes after attacks damaged Saudi Arabia’s East-West Pipeline, an important route that allows the kingdom to transport crude to the Red Sea and avoid the Strait of Hormuz. The pipeline normally handles roughly 4 million barrels of oil per day, equivalent to around 4% of global oil supply.

Fresh attacks add to market anxiety

Concerns were intensified by new attacks carried out by Iran-backed Houthi forces in Yemen. The group launched missiles and drones at Saudi Arabia on Monday, targeting the Khamis Mushait military airbase in the south of the country, according to reports.

The attacks came as Gulf Arab states postponed planned discussions with Iran, raising concerns that diplomatic efforts to reduce tensions could be losing momentum.

The Strait of Hormuz is another major source of uncertainty. Vessel traffic through the strategic waterway has fallen sharply, with fewer than 10 commercial oil-related transits recorded per day over the weekend compared with a recent 10-day average of 14. The route previously carried roughly one-fifth of global oil supplies.

Pressure on Saudi exports

Saudi Arabia’s ability to maintain exports is now closely tied to how quickly the East-West Pipeline can return to service. Traders and buyers cited in reports said the kingdom could begin running short of crude available for export within days if the pipeline remains offline.

A prolonged shutdown could potentially remove as much as 4% of global oil supply, putting additional upward pressure on prices. Analysts say the duration of the outage will be a key factor for the market in the coming days.

The situation is also being watched closely because higher crude prices can feed into transportation, electricity and manufacturing costs, increasing inflationary pressure on economies around the world.

For now, oil markets remain highly sensitive to developments around Saudi Arabia, the Strait of Hormuz and the wider Middle East conflict. Any further damage to energy infrastructure—or signs that the pipeline and shipping routes will remain disrupted for an extended period—could trigger another significant rise in crude prices.